Oral bacteria are microorganisms that live in the mouth and can cause various dental problems, such as cavities, gum disease, and bad breath. Some of the most common and harmful oral bacteria are Streptococcus mutans, which produces acid that erodes tooth enamel, and Porphyromonas gingivalis, which is associated with periodontitis, a serious inflammation of the gums…
Virtualization is a technology that allows multiple virtual machines (VMs) to run on a single physical host, each with its own operating system and applications. Virtualization can provide many benefits for industrial control systems, such as reducing hardware costs, improving reliability, enhancing performance, and enabling data analysis. In this article, we will explore how virtualization…
Formaldehyde is a common indoor air pollutant that can cause various health problems, such as eye, nose, and throat irritation, asthma, and even cancer. However, most existing sensors for formaldehyde are not sensitive or selective enough to detect low levels of the gas or to distinguish it from other volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Researchers from…
Touchscreens are ubiquitous in our daily lives, from smartphones and tablets to kiosks and ATMs. But what about touchscreens for outdoor applications, such as gas pumps, vending machines, or industrial controls? How do they cope with the challenges of weather, sunlight, and durability? In this article, we will explore the factors that make touchscreens suitable…
In many process automation applications, the pressure and flow of gases are controlled. Explosion protection requirements mean that an inert atmosphere is often created and maintained in reactors and process tanks in a plant. This is usually done with nitrogen and in some cases also with argon. Other applications include the transfer of materials between…
Electric power distribution is the process of delivering electricity from the generation sources to the end users. It is a complex and vital system that forms the backbone of modern society, powering industries, homes, and devices. It involves the use of high voltage power lines, transformers, substations, and distribution lines, each with their own characteristics…
Power supply batteries are essential components of many devices and systems, such as laptops, smartphones, electric vehicles, and uninterruptible power supplies (UPS). They provide reliable and consistent power when needed, but they also have a limited lifespan. Over time, power supply batteries degrade and lose their capacity, resulting in reduced performance and shorter runtimes. This…
Grow lights are artificial light sources that simulate the natural sunlight for plants. They are widely used in indoor gardening, hydroponics, vertical farming, and greenhouse applications. Grow lights can enhance plant growth, yield, quality, and health by providing the optimal spectrum, intensity, and duration of light. However, grow lights also require a reliable and efficient…
Stadiums are the epicenter of intense sporting events, drawing thousands of spectators who come to witness the thrill and excitement of their favorite teams. However, behind the scenes, a critical aspect often goes unnoticed — stadium lighting. The need for improved energy efficiency in stadium lighting has become increasingly important in recent years, as the…
Remote Operated Vehicles (ROVs) are underwater robots that can perform various tasks such as exploration, inspection, maintenance, and repair. ROVs are widely used in the oil and gas industry, marine science, and military applications. They can operate in harsh and challenging environments that are inaccessible or dangerous for humans. One of the key components of…